Evening exercise is associated with lower odds of visual field progression in Chinese patients with primary open angle glaucoma

Table 1 Demographics and ocular characteristics of non-progressive and progressive patients

Parameter	Non-progressive	Progressive group (n = 27)	p value
Parameter	group (n = 71)	Progressive group (n = 27)	p value
Gender (% male)	38 (53.52%)	12 (44.44%)	0.422^a
Age (yrs)	61.45 ± 12.99	67.22 ± 8.93	0.023^b
BMI (kg/m²)	24.32 ± 3.09	23.27 ± 3.39	0.143^c
mIOP (mmHg)	15.30 ± 2.68	15.39 ± 3.71	0.900^c
aMAP (mmHg)	94.00 ± 8.43	90.81 ± 9.28	0.107^c
Visual field MD (dB)	−7.44 ± 5.24	−6.71 ± 5.98	0.233^b
RNFL (μm)	76.54 ± 12.93	76.56 ± 14.16	0.995^c
Presenting visual acuity (logMAR)	0.23 ± 0.20	0.28 ± 0.20	0.222^b
SE (D)	−0.89 ± 3.14	0.06 ± 2.74	0.117^b
AL (mm)	24.19 ± 1.72	23.86 ± 1.05	0.520^b
CCT (μm)	539.07 ± 30.18	540.89 ± 28.84	0.788^c
No. of visual field (MD)			0.744 ^a
MD ≥ −12 dB [n (%)]	67 (94.40%)	25 (92.60%)
MD < −12 dB [n (%)]	4 (5.60%)	2 (7.40%)
IOP-lowering medications			0.228^a
Non-medications [n (%)]	52 (73.20%)	17 (63.00%)
One medication [n (%)]	17 (23.90%)	9 (33.30%)
Two medications [n (%)]	2 (2.80%)	0 (0.00%)
Three medications [n (%)]	0 (0.00%)	1 (3.70%)
Self-reported hypertension [n (%)]	21 (29.6%)	6 (22.2%)	0.467^a
Self-reported diabetes [n (%)]	30 (42.3%)	8 (29.6%)	0.252^a
Total days of PA measurement	6.82 ± 0.39	6.70 ± 0.47	0.225^b
Follow-up period (months)	41 ± 10.89	31.11 ± 10.32	< 0.001^b
Number of Follow-ups (n)	11.20 ± 3.97	6.85 ± 2.58	< 0.001^b

BMI = body-mass index; mIOP = mean intraocular pressure during all visits; MD = mean deviation in the baseline; RNFL = retinal nerve fiber layer detected by OCT; aMAP = average mean arterial pressure during all visits; logMAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution presenting visual acuity measured at the time of PA assessment; SE = spherical equivalent; AL = axial lengths; CCT = central corneal thickness; No. of visual field (MD), visual field MD was measured at the time of PA assessment, MD ≥ −12 dB, mild to moderate VF damage; MD < − 12 dB, serious VF damage; PA = physical activity. Data are represented as mean ± SD
^aChi-squared test, ^bMann-Whitney U test, ^cIndependent Sample T test. Bold values indicate statistical significance with alpha set at 0.05

ISSN: 2326-0254