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Table 2 Summary of clinical parameters from of the father with secondary ectasia in the right eye (OD) and pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) in the left eye (OS), and the twin brothers with very asymmetric ectasia (VAE)

From: Multimodal diagnostics for keratoconus and ectatic corneal diseases: a paradigm shift

Parameter

Father

Twin 1

Twin 2

OD

OS

OD

OS

OD

OS

Kmax (Front/Diopters)

84.8

45.5

49.5

60.4

45.3

47.4

KISA

106,614.00

219.00

52.94

221.16

3.22

5.41

I-S value (Diopters)

10.13

38

44

97

19

30

ARTmax (μm)

12

582

269

161

434

443

Pachy Min (μm)

402

535

535

504

557

552

BAD-D (v3)

9.81

1.03

3.27

8.95

1.09

1.29

SPA-1

74.2

108.3

98.5

84.9

105.3

115.6

CBI

0.99

0.39

0.77

0.98

0.49

0.54

TBIv1

0.96

0.29

0.98

1.00

0.05

0.29

TBIv2

0.88

0.68

1.00

1.00

0.28

0.87

AXL—PCI (mm)

26.42

24.92

24.29

24.60

24.93

24.84

AXL—swept-source OCT (mm)

26.45

24.98

24.26

24.39

25.10

24.94

Anterion SCORE*

118.3

1.4

4.4

21.7

 − 0.3

1.9

  1. Kmax = maximum keratometry; I-S value = inferior-superior asymmetry at 6mm diameter in axial diopters; ARTmax = Ambrósio´s relational thickness in the meridian with maximal (more abrupt) progression; Pachy Min = thinnest (minimal) pachymetry; BAD-D (v3) = Belin/Ambrósio enhanced ectasia deviation (third version); SPA-1 = stiffness parameter at the first applanation; CBI = Corvis corneal biomechanical index; TBIv1 = tomographic biomechanical index version 1; TBIv2 = tomographic biomechanical index version 2; AXL = axial length; PCI = partial coherence interferometry
  2. *Score after intracorneal stromal ring implantation (pre-op not available)