Fig. 6
From: Homocysteine and mitochondrial quality control in diabetic retinopathy
Temporal relationship between hyperglycemia-hyperhomocysteinemia and mitochondrial damage in mice. Retinal microvessels were analyzed for (a) mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) using MitoSox red, gene transcripts of (b) ND6 and (c) CytB by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and (d) mitochondrial copy numbers using mtDNA-encoded CytB and nuclear DNA-encoded β-actin. Each measurement was performed in triplicates with 4–6 mice/group, and the results are presented as mean ± SD. Norm, normal Cbs+/+ mice; Diab, diabetes; Cbs+/+, Cbs wildtype mice; Cbs+/−, Cbs heterozygous mice; wks weeks; *P < 0.05 vs. normal and #P < 0.05 vs. Cbs+/+ diabetic mice