Table 3 Repeated measures analysis on the within-subjects and between-subjects effect on different ocular aberrations metrics

RMS of total lower-order aberrations

0.024*

 < 0.001*

0.58

\({\mathrm{Defocus }(\mathrm{C}}_{2}^{0})\)

0.021*

 < 0.001*

0.59

RMS of total higher-order aberrations

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

RMS of spherical aberrations

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

Primary spherical aberration (\({\mathrm{C}}_{4}^{0})\)

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

Secondary spherical aberration (\({\mathrm{C}}_{6}^{0})\)

0.008*

0.39

0.11

RMS of comatic aberrations

0.004*

 < 0.001*

0.007*

Primary vertical coma (\({\mathrm{C}}_{3}^{-1})\)

0.46

0.10

0.13

Primary horizontal coma (\({\mathrm{C}}_{3}^{1}\))

0.07

0.14

0.36

Secondary vertical coma (\({\mathrm{C}}_{5}^{-1})\)

0.89

0.97

0.43

Secondary horizontal coma (\({\mathrm{C}}_{5}^{1})\)

0.65

0.43

0.67