Table 2 Summary of results of combined 0.01% atropine and orthokeratology (AOK) and orthokeratology alone (OK) groups at each visit

Axial elongation (mm)

AOK

–

–0.02 ± 0.10

0.06 ± 0.14

0.11 ± 0.17

0.17 ± 0.19

4.76, 0.014

OK

–

0.07 ± 0.08

0.18 ± 0.15

0.25 ± 0.18

0.35 ± 0.20

Difference [SE]

–

0.09 [0.02]

0.11 [0.04]

0.14 [0.04]

0.18 [0.05]

P^‡

–

 < 0.001

0.002

0.001

 < 0.001

Photopic pupil (mm)

AOK

3.25 ± 0.31

3.81 ± 0.45

3.88 ± 0.63

3.91 ± 0.59

4.05 ± 0.61

14.91, < 0.001

OK

3.20 ± 0.32

3.16 ± 0.33

3.22 ± 0.35

3.30 ± 0.42

3.43 ± 0.41

Difference [SE]

0.05 [0.08]

0.64 [0.10]

0.66 [0.12]

0.61 [0.12]

0.62 [0.13]

P^‡

0.49

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Mesopic pupil (mm)

AOK

6.51 ± 0.86

7.15 ± 0.64

7.12 ± 0.62

7.18 ± 0.59

7.21 ± 0.54

10.35, < 0.001

OK

6.61 ± 0.82

6.72 ± 0.78

6.74 ± 0.83

6.72 ± 0.81

6.92 ± 0.78

Difference [SE]

0.10 [0.20]

0.43 [0.17]

0.38 [0.18]

0.46 [0.17]

0.29 [0.16]

P^‡

0.09

Amplitude of accommodation (D)

AOK

13.5 ± 1.9

11.9 ± 1.5

12.2 ± 1.3

11.4 ± 1.3

11.2 ± 1.5

2.40, 0.08

OK

12.8 ± 2.1

12.2 ± 1.4

12.1 ± 1.1

11.7 ± 1.2

11.6 ± 1.1

Difference [SE]

0.7 [0.5]

0.2 [0.4]

0.1 [0.3]

0.3 [0.3]

0.4 [0.3]

P^‡

0.91

Non-cycloplegic SER (D)

AOK

–2.65 ± 0.92

0.28 ± 0.45

0.22 ± 0.44

0.21 ± 0.40

0.05 ± 0.44

0.59, 0.57

OK

–2.88 ± 0.98

–0.06 ± 0.46

–0.01 ± 0.44

–0.20 ± 0.45

–0.12 ± 0.44

Difference [SE]

0.22 [0.23]

0.34 [0.11]

0.22 [0.11]

0.41 [0.10]

0.17 [0.11]

P^‡

0.34

0.003

0.039

 < 0.001

0.12

Non-cycloplegic unaided visual acuity (logMAR)

AOK

0.98 ± 0.41

–0.02 ± 0.08

–0.02 ± 0.09

–0.01 ± 0.06

0.00 ± 0.07

0.19, 0.72

OK

0.98 ± 0.42

0.01 ± 0.11

0.01 ± 0.08

0.03 ± 0.11

0.03 ± 0.09

Difference [SE]

0.01 [0.10]

0.03 [0.02]

0.03 [0.02]

0.04 [0.02]

0.03 [0.02]

P^‡

0.36