Fig. 1

Mean profiles of central and off-axis refraction in terms of sphere (a) and spherical equivalent (b) for myopic eyes with spectacle lenses (M, red markers and lines) and lens free emmetropic (E, blue markers and lines) patients at each fixation distance. The axial refractive sphere at 2.00 m was subtracted to all remaining values to bring the 2.00 m curve to “zero” at center. Error bars have been omitted for clarity. *Statistically significant differences for vergence between myopes and emmetropes