| |
Normal BCVA (n = 88)
|
Decreased BCVA (n = 44)
|
P value
|
ETDRS 20 (n = 56)
|
ETDRS 35 (n = 52)
|
ETDRS 43–53 (n = 24)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
No
|
% (95% CI)
|
No
|
% (95% CI)
|
No
|
% (95% CI)
|
No
|
% (95% CI)
|
No
|
% (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Ischemia
|
|
VD SRCP decrease
|
11
|
12.5 (5.6–19.4)
|
10
|
22.7 (10.3–35.1)
|
0.130
|
4
|
7.1 (0.4–13.9)
|
10
|
19.2 (8.5–29.9)
|
7
|
29.2 (11.0–47.4)
|
0.031
|
|
VD DRCP decrease
|
12
|
13.6 (6.5–20.8)
|
19
|
43.2 (28.5–57.8)
|
< 0.001
|
6
|
10.7 (2.6–18.8)
|
9
|
17.3 (7.0–27.6)
|
16
|
66.7 (47.8–85.5)
|
< 0.001
|
|
FAZ area increase
|
2
|
2.3 (0–5.4)
|
3
|
6.8 (0–14.3)
|
0.333
|
1
|
1.8 (0–5.3)
|
2
|
3.8 (0–9.1)
|
2
|
8.3(0–19.4)
|
0.333
|
|
VD decrease or FAZ area increase
|
17
|
19.3 (11.1–27.6)
|
21
|
47.7 (33.0–62.5)
|
0.001
|
8
|
14.3 (5.1–23.5)
|
13
|
25.0 (13.2–36.8)
|
17
|
70.8 (52.6–89.0)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Neurodegeneration
|
|
RNFL thinning
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
4.5 (0–10.7)
|
0.109
|
1
|
1.8 (0–5.3)
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
4.2 (0–12.2)
|
0.485
|
|
GCL-IPL thinning
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
9.1 (0.6–17.6)
|
0.011
|
1
|
1.8 (0–5.3)
|
2
|
3.8 (0–9.1)
|
1
|
4.2 (0–12.2)
|
0.672
|
|
RNFL or GCL-IPL thinning
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
11.4 (2.0–20.7)
|
0.004
|
2
|
3.6 (0–8.4)
|
2
|
3.8 (0–9.1)
|
1
|
4.2 (0–12.2)
|
1.000
|
|
Subclinical edema
|
|
INL thickening
|
3
|
3.4 (0–7.2)
|
2
|
4.5 (0–10.7)
|
1.000
|
2
|
3.6 (0–8.4)
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
12.5 (0–25.7)
|
0.031
|
|
OPL thickening
|
14
|
15.9 (8.3–23.6)
|
7
|
15.9 (5.1–26.7)
|
1.000
|
10
|
17.9 (7.8–27.9)
|
5
|
9.6 (1.6–17.6)
|
6
|
25 (7.7–42.3)
|
0.201
|
|
Total retinal thickening
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
NA
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
NA
|
|
INL or OPL or total retinal thickening
|
16
|
18.2 (10.1–26.2)
|
7
|
15.9 (5.1–26.7)
|
0.746
|
11
|
19.6 (9.2–30.0)
|
5
|
9.6 (1.6–17.6)
|
7
|
29.2 (11.0–47.4)
|
0.094
|
- BCVA best-corrected visual acuity; ETDRS Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; CI confidence interval; NA not applicable; VD vessel density; SRCP superficial retinal capillary plexus; DRCP deep retinal capillary plexus; FAZ foveal avascular zone; RNFL retinal nerve fiber layer; GCL-IPL ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer; INL inner nuclear layer; OPL outer plexiform layer
- Pathological changes in ischemia, neurodegeneration, and subclinical edema were accepted if the differences between the normal values, i.e., the mean value of healthy the control population and the DR group values were more than 1.96 standard deviation (SD) units. Thus, ischemia was diagnosed if the value of DR group was 1.96 SD less than the normal value of the control group. Neurodegeneration was diagnosed if the value of DR group was 1.96 SD less than that of the control group. Subclinical edema was diagnosed if the value of DR group was 1.96 SD more than normal value. P-values were based on the Chi-squared test result of the ratio of each group. Bold font indicates significance of P < 0.05
