|
Control
|
DR
|
DR with normal BCVA (G1)
|
DR with decreased BCVA (G2)
|
P value
|
---|
All groups
|
Control vs. DR
|
G1 vs. G2
|
---|
Population characteristics (n = 89)
|
No. of participants, n
|
33
|
89
|
53
|
36
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
Age (years)
|
56.94 ± 7.32
|
54.66 ± 10.95
|
50.72 ± 9.43
|
60.47 ± 10.55
|
< 0.001a
|
0.960a
|
< 0.001a
|
Sex (M/F)
|
12/21
|
54/35
|
36/17
|
18/18
|
0.014b
|
0.017b
|
0.089b
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
24.57 ± 2.49
|
25.40 ± 3.67
|
25.56 ± 3.35
|
25.16 ± 4.15
|
0.433a
|
0.452a
|
0.598a
|
MAP (mmHg)
|
92.42 ± 10.61
|
96.41 ± 22.61
|
96.78 ± 24.11
|
95.82 ± 20.29
|
0.079c
|
0.372c
|
1.000c
|
DM duration (years)
|
NA
|
9.06 ± 6.34
|
7.62 ± 5.27
|
11.19 ± 7.21
|
NA
|
NA
|
0.021c
|
BG (mmol/L)
|
NA
|
7.78 ± 2.64
|
7.42 ± 2.46
|
8.35 ± 2.83
|
NA
|
NA
|
0.067a
|
Ocular characteristics (n = 132)
|
No. of eyes, n
|
33
|
132
|
88
|
44
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
BCVA (logMAR)
|
− 0.05 ± 0.05
|
0.01 ± 0.12
|
− 0.05 ± 0.06
|
0.12 ± 0.14
|
< 0.001c
|
0.008c
|
< 0.001c
|
SE (D)
|
0.16 ± 1.16
|
− 0.10 ± 1.39
|
− 0.13 ± 1.42
|
0.21 ± 1.27
|
0.009c
|
0.071c
|
0.038c
|
IOP (mmHg)
|
12.53 ± 2.42
|
14.41 ± 3.48
|
14.20 ± 3.53
|
14.83 ± 3.37
|
0.012a
|
0.005a
|
0.306a
|
DR severity
|
ETDRS 20 (n = 56)
|
NA
|
56
|
39
|
17
|
NA
|
NA
|
0.534b
|
ETDRS 35 (n = 52)
|
NA
|
52
|
33
|
19
|
NA
|
NA
|
0.529b
|
ETDRS 43–53 (n = 24)
|
NA
|
24
|
16
|
8
|
NA
|
NA
|
1.000b
|
- BCVA best-corrected visual acuity; NA not applicable; M/F male/female; BMI body mass index; MAP mean arterial pressure; DM diabetes mellitus; BG blood glucose; logMAR logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; IOP intraocular pressure; DR diabetic retinopathy; ETDRS Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy
- at-test or ANOVA
- bχ2 test
- cKruskal-Wallis test