Table 1 Control and diabetic retinopathy population and ocular characteristics

Population characteristics (n = 89)

 No. of participants, n

33

89

53

36

NA

NA

NA

 Age (years)

56.94 ± 7.32

54.66 ± 10.95

50.72 ± 9.43

60.47 ± 10.55

 < 0.001^a

0.960^a

 < 0.001^a

 Sex (M/F)

12/21

54/35

36/17

18/18

0.014^b

0.017^b

0.089^b

 BMI (kg/m²)

24.57 ± 2.49

25.40 ± 3.67

25.56 ± 3.35

25.16 ± 4.15

0.433^a

0.452^a

0.598^a

 MAP (mmHg)

92.42 ± 10.61

96.41 ± 22.61

96.78 ± 24.11

95.82 ± 20.29

0.079^c

0.372^c

1.000^c

 DM duration (years)

NA

9.06 ± 6.34

7.62 ± 5.27

11.19 ± 7.21

NA

NA

0.021^c

 BG (mmol/L)

NA

7.78 ± 2.64

7.42 ± 2.46

8.35 ± 2.83

NA

NA

0.067^a

Ocular characteristics (n = 132)

 No. of eyes, n

33

132

88

44

NA

NA

NA

 BCVA (logMAR)

 − 0.05 ± 0.05

0.01 ± 0.12

 − 0.05 ± 0.06

0.12 ± 0.14

 < 0.001^c

0.008^c

 < 0.001^c

 SE (D)

0.16 ± 1.16

 − 0.10 ± 1.39

 − 0.13 ± 1.42

0.21 ± 1.27

0.009^c

0.071^c

0.038^c

 IOP (mmHg)

12.53 ± 2.42

14.41 ± 3.48

14.20 ± 3.53

14.83 ± 3.37

0.012^a

0.005^a

0.306^a

DR severity

  ETDRS 20 (n = 56)

NA

56

39

17

NA

NA

0.534^b

  ETDRS 35 (n = 52)

NA

52

33

19

NA

NA

0.529^b

  ETDRS 43–53 (n = 24)

NA

24

16

8

NA

NA

1.000^b