Table 2 Final model sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve measures of prediction outputs of early-stage FECD, late-stage FECD, and healthy cornea at both image and eye levels. All AUC P-values < 0.001 for all parameters

Healthy cornea prediction output

Early-stage FECD prediction output

Late-stage FECD prediction output

AUC ± SE (95% CI)

0.998 ± 0.001 (0.997, 0.999)

0.984 ± 0.003 (0.979, 0.999)

0.974 ± 0.005 (0.964, 0.985)

Sensitivity

99%

91%

92%

Specificity

98%

97%

91%

Cutoff value

0.93

0.04

0.01

Healthy cornea prediction output

Early-stage FECD prediction output

Late-stage FECD prediction output

AUC ± SE (95% CI)

1.0 (1, 1)

0.997 ± 0.005 (0.988, 1.0)

0.988 ± 0.017 (0.954, 1.0)

Sensitivity

100%

100%

100%

Specificity

100%

97%

98%

Cutoff value

0.49

0.03

0.67