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Fig. 4 | Eye and Vision

Fig. 4

From: Microglia activation and neuronal alterations in retinas from COVID-19 patients: correlation with clinical parameters

Fig. 4

Immunolabeling with Iba1 on retinal sections (ad, ij) and flat-mount retinas (eh) from control (a, e, i) and COVID-19 (bd, fh, j) patients reveals microglia activation. Note the morphological changes of microglia cells in the high magnification insets (e’h’, white square) where the shape of cells in the OPL changed from ramified in controls (e’) to ameboid or with a medium retraction of its processes in COVID-19 (f’h’) patients. i, j Differences in the microglia shape around the vessels in a control subject (i) and the clear nodules of microglia in a COVID-19 patient (j). k Proportion of microglial cells around the vessels in the COVID-19 (n = 5) and control (n = 5) patients (*P < 0.05). l Graphical representation of the area covered by Iba1-positive cells in retinal sections of COVID-19 patients (n = 9) compared with the control group (n = 5) (**P < 0.01). m There are no differences in the mean of Iba1-positive cells density quantified in the three retinal vascular plexuses between control (n = 7) and COVID-19 (n = 7) flat-mount retinas (P = 0.3434). OPL, outer plexiform layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer; Iba1, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1; Col IV, collagen type IV; Scale bars: 50 µm

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