Fig. 3

Morphological changes in Müller cells and astrocytes associated to glial activation. a, a’ Normal morphology of Müller cells in a control subject. b, b’ Greater staining in the honeycomb-like pattern at the ONL and soma (arrowheads) probably associated with an inflammatory process. c, c’ Müller cells of a COVID-19 patient with normal morphology except for greater staining in the cell body (arrowheads). d, d’ Translocation of cell bodies of Müller cells from the INL to the ONL (arrowheads). e, e’ Swelling of Müller cells at the level of the HFL. f, f’ Mild thickening of the main process in several cells (arrowheads). g, g’ Fully formed epiretinal membrane (ERM) above the ILM labelled with GFAP (arrowhead). h, h’ Astrocyte protruding the ILM (arrowhead) and starting the ERM formation. ONL, outer nuclear layer; HFL, Henle fiber layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer; CRALBP, cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; Scale bars: 50 µm