Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population

Age (years)

11.08 ± 2.01

10.28 ± 1.59

11.97 ± 2.06

 < 0.001

Sex, male (%)

63 (47.37)

32 (45.71)

31 (49.21)

0.69

12-month axial length change (mm)

0.04 ± 0.22

0.20 ± 0.15

 − 0.15 ± 0.09

 < 0.001

C_{weighted defocus} (D/mm²)

0.39 ± 0.17

0.31 ± 0.11

0.47 ± 0.18

 < 0.001

Horizontal decentration (mm)

 − 0.09 ± 0.54

 − 0.18 ± 0.50

0.00 ± 0.57

0.06

Vertical decentration (mm)

 − 0.19 ± 0.40

 − 0.14 ± 0.37

 − 0.26 ± 0.42

0.03

Design, VST (%)

56 (42.11)

29 (41.43)

27 (42.86)

0.87

SE (D)

 − 3.51 ± 1.64

 − 3.10 ± 1.34

 − 3.99 ± 2.04

0.002

Pupil diameter (mm)

3.92 ± 0.58

3.67 ± 0.51

4.19 ± 0.53

 < 0.001

K mean (D)

43.33 ± 1.36

43.30 ± 1.26

43.36 ± 1.47

0.79

HVID (mm)

11.98 ± 0.43

12.03 ± 0.45

11.92 ± 0.41

0.13

E value

0.51 ± 0.10

0.51 ± 0.10

0.51 ± 0.11

0.80

ACD (mm)

3.36 ± 0.21

3.36 ± 0.20

3.37 ± 0.23

0.76