Skip to main content

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations for OCTA parameters and other associated factors with logMAR BCVA in DME

From: Optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in different stages of diabetic macular edema

Variables

Univariate

Multivariate

β (95% CI)

P value

β (95% CI)

P value

Sex*

0.060 (− 0.105, 0.224)

0.479

  

Age (years)

0.002 (− 0.004, 0.008)

0.458

  

DM type†

 − 0.052 (− 0.224, 0.119)

0.550

  

DM duration (years)

0.007 (− 0.004, 0.018)

0.216

  

Hemoglobin A1c‡

 − 0.083 (− 0.238, 0.071)

0.292

  

DR severity§

0.054 (− 0.105, 0.214)

0.503

  

DME severity||

0.406 (0.305, 0.507)

 < 0.001

0.223 (0.092, 0.354)

0.001

FAZ area (mm2)

0.381 (0.160, 0.601)

0.001

0.240 (0.065, 0.415)

0.007

FAZ perimeter (mm)

0.099 (0.039, 0.158)

0.001

 − 0.111 (− 0.448, 0.226)

0.519

Acircularity index¶

0.068 (0.014, 0.123)

0.013

0.050 (− 0.006, 0.106)

0.081

FD-300 (%)

 − 0.002 (− 0.015, 0.012)

0.819

  

Whole VD in SVP (%)

 − 0.004 (− 0.019, 0.012)

0.640

  

Parafoveal VD in SVP (%)

− 0.004 (− 0.019, 0.010)

0.539

  

Whole VD in DVP (%)

− 0.010 (− 0.023, 0.004)

0.154

  

Parafoveal VD in DVP (%)

− 0.010 (− 0.022, 0.001)

0.085

− 0.002 (− 0.011, − 0.008)

0.711

Foveal thickness (100 μm)

0.140 (0.088, 0.192)

< 0.001

0.109 (0.046, 0.171)

0.001

  1. OCTA = optical coherence tomography angiography; logMAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; BCVA = best-corrected visual acuity; DME = diabetic macular edema; DM = diabetes mellitus; DR = diabetic retinopathy; FAZ = foveal avascular zone; FD-300 = foveal vessel density in a 300-μm-wide region around FAZ; VD = vessel density; SVP = superficial vascular plexus; DVP = deep vascular plexus; PDR = proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NPDR = non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
  2. *Female vs. male
  3. †Type 2 DM vs. type 1 DM
  4. ‡Glycated hemoglobin A1c ≥ 8% vs. glycated hemoglobin A1c < 8%
  5. §Eyes with PDR vs. eyes with NPDR
  6. ||Eyes with advanced or severe DME vs. eyes with early DME
  7. ¶Per + 0.1 increase in acircularity index