Table 1 A summary of published articles by Chinese scholars directly relevant to ophthalmology and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19
From: A comprehensive Chinese experience against SARS-CoV-2 in ophthalmology
Study type | Language | N | Date (yyyy.mm.dd) | City | Key Point |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[1] Retrospective cohort study | English | 67 | 2020.02.11 | Wuhan | SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the conjunctival sac of patients with COVID-19. Through clinical analysis, viral transmission via the conjunctival route was not supported by the data. Good clinical protection can effectively cut off the transmission path. |
[2] Cross-sectional study | English | 102 | 2020.02.26 | Wuhan | The nosocomial infection of SARS-CoV-2 through the eyes after occupational exposure is a potential route. Protective goggles should be worn by all healthcare workers. |
[3] Prospective case series study | English | 30 | 2020.02.26 | Hangzhou | SARS-CoV-2 may be detected in the tears and conjunctival secretions of COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis. |
[4] Editorial | English | – | 2020.03.03 | Hong Kong | As the novel corona-virus infection is still on the upward trend, it is of paramount importance to remain vigilant and start taking necessary measures to prevent its transmission. |
[5] Editorial | English | – | 2020.02.13 | Beijing, Hong Kong, Guangzhou | Ophthalmologists should take particular care when examining patients, research studying whether COVID-19 can be found in tears and conjunctival scrapings would be valuable and inform ongoing disease-prevention strategies. |
[6] Letter | English | – | 2020.02.22 | Changchun | SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored. |
[7] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.22 | Beijing | A COVID-19 patient with ocular syndrome was reported and treated combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The article discussed COVID-19 from the perspective of TCM. |
[8] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.23 | Beijing | Research of beta coronavirus receptors on ocular surfaces found two host receptors, ACE2 and DPP4. Their expression in the cells of ocular surface may be an access route of corona virus in eye, which provides clues to elucidating the pathogenesis of corona virus in the eyeballs. |
[9] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.13 | Wenzhou | This article preliminarily reviews several different aspects, including the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the anatomical connection between ocular surface and respiratory tract, previous work on the link between respiratory virus and ocular complication, and the data of ACE2 receptor expression and molecular detection of SARS virus in tear. Based on these reviews, intervention measures are advised for ophthalmic practitioner, whilst suggestions are indicated for further clinical and basic investigations in the future. |
[10] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.04 | Wuhan | It is extremely important to disinfect ophthalmic examination instruments and protect ophthalmic medical care during the epidemic period to reduce cross-infection in clinical practice. Some suggestions against SARS-CoV-2 infection were offered in this article. |
[11] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.12 | Multi-center | Ophthalmic experts, from Society of Public Health Ophthalmology, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and Beijing Ophthalmological Society and Youth Committee of Beijing Ophthalmological Society, provided suggestions on eye protection during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic. |
[12] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.14 | Guangzhou | The delay of back-to-school time is an important measure to reduce cross infection on campus, and to protect the health of children and teenagers during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak. Meanwhile, remote teaching models has led to a dramatic shift in eye-use habits of children and adolescents. The potential effects on adolescent visual health cannot be ignored. |
[13] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.24 | Beijing | This paper provided general guidance about precautions in ophthalmic practice in the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic. |
[14] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.17 | Beijing/Shenzhen | Some suggestions of integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine are described to avoid the infection of ophthalmic medical practitioners and to effectively deal with novel coronavirus conjunctivitis during the diagnosis and treatment. |
[15] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.06 | Beijing | This article briefly introduced the characteristics and identifications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and put forward suggestions and opinions from the aspects of personal protection of ophthalmologists, control managements of ophthalmic outpatient department and ward, cleaning and disinfection of ophthalmic equipment. |
[16] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.24 | Chongqing | During the prevention and control period of the epidemic of COVID-19, strict adherence to the prevention and control measures can effectively ensure the smooth implementation of the operation and the perioperative safety of medical staff and patients |
[17] Case report | Chinese | 30 | 2020.02.21 | Wuhan | Three cases in 30 NCP patients with binocular conjunctivitis were found. Of them, one case visited for conjunctivitis as a first symptom and then diagnosed as NCP, and two cases visited for binocular conjunctivitis during the NCP onset. Although positive viral nucleic acid were detected in the conjunctiva sacs of 2 of other 27 NCP patients by using swabs and RT-PCR technology, no conjunctivitis occurred in these two patients. |
[18] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.21 | Wenzhou | Systematic and standardized detection of viral nucleic acid and related blood factors is a necessary, fast and feasible prevention and control method in specialist ophthalmic institute during the COVID-19 epidemic. |
[19] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.17 | Beijing | This paper indicated some suggestions about the management of clinical trials during novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak including the follow-up of subjects, the treatment of epidemic serious adverse event (SAE) and the management requirements of co-sponsors, as well as the requirements and management principles for environment, subjects, examiners and inspection equipment in the process of ophthalmic clinical trials. |
[20] Case report | Chinese | 2 | 2020.03.03 | Wuhan | Several COVID-19 cases with conjunctivitis or conjunctivitis as the first symptom have been observed in clinical work. This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of one COVID-19 patient with conjunctivitis as the first symptom and one COVID-19 patient with conjunctivitis. |
[21] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.27 | Xi’an | Understanding the mechanism and cell receptors of coronavirus transmission through ocular surface and the transmission characteristics of homologous coronavirus can provide some suggestions for appropriately ocular protection and identify COVID-19 coexisting with ocular signs for ophthalmologists during this epidemic disease. |
[22] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.17 | Qingdao | Strengthening basic and clinical research on ocular infection caused by coronavirus should be one of the important tasks for ophthalmologists in China. |
[23] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.23 | Shantou | In the absence of clinical and experimental evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in ocular infection, a retrospective literature analysis of viral pathogens that simultaneously trigger ocular lesions during the onset of epidemic diseases helps understand the methods of ocular protection in the prevention and control of the COVID-19. |
[24] Cross-sectional study | Chinese | – | 2020.02.27 | Wenzhou | Aerosol can be produced by non-contact “air-puff” tonometer spraying, and it fluctuates with the increase of spraying times, showing a cumulative effect. The aerosol accumulation is higher in the hall with insufficient air circulation. And more aerosol can be produced without gauze mask. |
[25] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.03.04 | Lanzhou | A review of the literature on coronavirus, especially SARS-CoV, can provide references for the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. |
[26] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.20 | Jinan | During the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, ophthalmologists should be alert to the potential transmission of ophthalmology-related viruses. |
[27] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.10 | Shantou | This article reviews the eye performance of various types of epidemic virus infections and provides a reference for COVID-19 prevention and control. |
[28] Case report | Chinese | 4 | 2020.02.13 | Wuhan | Four COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis were mentioned in this article, and all the patients were medical staff of the hospital. One patient was positive for conjunctival sac virus nucleic acid test. |
[29] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.14 | Hangzhou | According to the characteristics of previous ocular-respiratory infection viruses, ocular surface transmission may possible through the following ways: (1) infection through the nasolacrimal duct system. (2) infection through contact with eyes and nose. (3) the above two conditions exist simultaneously and cause infection. |
[30] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.18 | Wuhan | This paper suggests the necessary medical protective measures for ophthalmology outpatient and ward. For the patients who were asymptomatic with the virus, there is currently a lack of effective screening methods, ophthalmologists need to be vigilant at all times. |
[31] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.02.18 | Multi-center | Experts from multiple hospitals discussed the prevention and control system of medical staff in ophthalmic medical institutions during the epidemic of COVID-19. |
[32] Review | Chinese | – | 2020.03.01 | Wenzhou | The authors proposed how to choose protective goggles correctly, and seven methods of anti-fog in this article. |
[33] Cross-sectional study | Chinese | – | 2020.03.08 | Wenzhou | The Remote Dedicated Doctor Platform of Ophthalmology (RDDPO) establishes a channel for doctor-patient communication during the epidemic, which can be considered as an important way to effectively address the needs of patients for medical treatment. |