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Table 2 Visual, refractive, tomographic, aberrometric, and densitometric parameters 12 months and 24 months postoperatively in eyes treated with central corneal regularization combined with corneal cross-linking and in eyes treated with corneal cross-linking as a single procedure

From: Changes in higher order aberrations after central corneal regularization - a comparative two-year analysis of a semi-automated topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy combined with corneal cross-linking

 

CXL-Plus group

(n = 28)

CXL group

(n = 28)

CXL-Plus group

(n = 16)

CXL group

(n = 10)

p1 (CXL-Plus group 12 vs. 24)*

p2 (CXL 12 vs. 24)*

p3 (CXL-Plus vs. CXL 24)

12 months follow-up

24 months follow-up

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

   

UDVA(logMAR)

0.36 (0.29)

0.46 (0.37)

0.53 (0.51)

0.29 (0.28)

0.570

0.201

0.187

BSCVA(logMAR)

0.10 (0.15)

0.06 (0.11)

0.10 (0.14)

0.01 (0.07)

0.072

0.879

0.072

Refractive values

MRSE (D)

−0.54 (1.63)

− 0.05 (1.87)

−1.30 (3.15)

0.66 (2.23)

0.464

0.586

0.100

Manifest Sphere (D)

0.41 (1.53)

1.65 (1.90)

0.02 (2.58)

2.03 (2.20)

0.733

0.548

0.053

Manifest Cylinder (D)

−1.91 (1.17)

−3.40 (2.11)

−2.63 (1.87)

− 2.73 (1.60)

0.051

0.758

0.890

Curvature Values

Cylinder (D)

3.24 (1.98)

4.03 (2.22)

3.85 (2.49)

4.56 (1.92)

0.451

0.945

0.450

K1 (D)

41.64 (2.67)

43.20 (2.29)

41.00 (3.09)

42.77 (1.43)

0.061

0.162

0.104

K2 (D)

44.88 (3.63)

47.23 (3.08)

44.85 (4.81)

47.33 (2.43)

0.155

0.080

0.145

Kmax (D)

48.57 (4.49)

53.70 (4.52)

49.69 (5.42)

53.00 (4.94)

0.796

0.023

0.131

Aberrometric Values

Cornea Total

RMS total (μm)

1.62 (0.82)

2.72 (1.35)

2.22 (1.15)

2.81 (1.52)

0.124

0.860

0.272

RMS LOA (μm)

1.57 (0.80)

2.61 (1.31)

2.15 (1.12)

2.72 (1.46)

0.123

0.911

0.272

RMS HOA (μm)

0.40 (0.19)

0.73 (0.36)

0.53 (0.29)

0.70 (0.43)

0.191

0.228

0.239

RMS Coma-like (μm)

0.31 (0.21)

0.65 (0.36)

0.46 (0.32)

0.57 (0.47)

0.147

0.087

0.508

Anterior corneal surface

RMS total (μm)

1.70 (0.93)

2.98 (1.34)

2.23 (1.15)

2.96 (1.51)

0.181

0.303

0.175

RMS LOA (μm)

1.65 (0.92)

2.88 (1.29)

2.17 (1.12)

2.86 (1.45)

0.177

0.311

0.185

RMS HOA (μm)

0.40 (0.21)

0.79 (0.36)

0.51 (0.27)

0.74 (0.43)

0.338

0.289

0.105

RMS Coma-like (μm)

0.32 (0.22)

0.72 (0.36)

0.47 (0.29)

0.66 (0.44)

0.203

0.185

0.171

Posterior corneal surface

RMS total (μm)

0.83 (0.25)

0.81 (0.29)

0.91 (0.26)

0.82 (0.29)

0.608

0.871

0.419

RMS LOA (μm)

0.79 (0.24)

0.77 (0.28)

0.87 (0.25)

0.78 (0.28)

0.523

0.918

0.403

RMS HOA (μm)

0.24 (0.08)

0.23 (0.09)

0.26 (0.08)

0.23 (0.09

0.343

0.894

0.384

RMS Coma-like (μm)

0.23 (0.14)

0.20 (0.08)

0.22 (0.14)

0.19 (0.10)

0.453

0.885

0.579

Densitometric Values

0.0–2.0 mm

24.49 (5.43)

25.70 (6.89)

26.04 (8.89)

26.88 (8.52)

0.700

0.826

0.814

2.0–6.0 mm

18.53 (2.40)

18.69 (2.65)

19.03 (4.08)

18.71 (3.54)

0.807

0.432

0.840

  1. * based on patients providing data to both time points
  2. BSCVA= best spectacle-corrected visual acuity; Coma-like= primary and secondary coma aberration; CXL= corneal cross-linking; CXL-Plus= central corneal regularization combined with CXL; HOA= higher order aberrations; K1 flattest meridian, K2= steepest meridian, Kmax= steepest radius of anterior curvature; LOA= lower order aberrations; MRSE= mean refractive spherical equivalent; RMS= root mean square; UDVA= uncorrected distance visual acuity. The results are expressed as means (standard deviation). The level of statistical significance was set at p = ≤; 0.05. p1 = the difference within the CXL-Plus group between postoperative values at 12 and 24 months postoperatively, p2 = the difference within the CXL-Plus group between postoperative values at 12 and 24 months postoperatively, p3 = the difference between CXL-Plus values and CXL alone values 24 months postoperatively