Table 1 Demographics and risk factors for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and control populations

Age, mean (SD)

[range] years

73.2 (8.7) [40–98]

72.9 (8.0)

[45–97]

1.00 (0.96–1.05)

0.87

Gender, male, n%

54 (98.2%)

54 (98.2%)

1.00 (0.06–16.40)

1.00

1.00 (0.35–2.89)

1.00

 White, n%

47 (85.4%)

47 (85.4%)

 Black, n%

8 (14.6%)

8 (14.6%)

 Type 2 diabetes mellitus, n%

17 (30.9%)

20 (36.4%)

0.92 (0.41–0.06)

0.84

 Head/neck cancer, n%

4 (7.3%)

4 (7.3%)

1.00 (0.24–4.220)

1.00

 Xeroderma pigmentosum, n%

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

N/A*

N/A*

 Tobacco, current or previous, n%

40 (72.7%)

35 (63.6%)

1.19 (0.53–2.67)

0.68

 HPV, n%

4 (7.3%)

2 (3.6%)

2.08 (0.37–11.9)

0.41

 HIV, n%

1 (1.8%)

1 (1.8%)

1.00 (0.06–16.4)

1.00

 Significant sun exposure, n%

30 (54.5%)

10 (18.2%)

5.40 (2.27–12.9)

< 0.005

 History of outdoor occupation, n%

15 (27.3%)

9 (16.4%)

1.92 (0.76–4.86)

0.17

  Construction worker

7

8

0.86 (0.29-2.55)

0.78

  Fisherman

1

1

1.00 (0.61–16.40)

1.00

  Boat worker

4

0

1.08 (1.01–1.16)

0.04

  Gardener

2

0

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

0.15

  Farmer

1

0

1.02 (0.98–1.06)

0.32

 Actinic keratosis, n%

28 (50.9%)

26 (47.3%)

1.24 (0.59–2.630)

0.57

 BCC, n%

21 (38.1%)

9 (16.4%)

3.16 (1.29–7.75)

0.01

 SCC, n%

9 (16.4%)

13 (23.6%)

0.70 (0.27–1.83)

0.47

 Melanoma, n%

4 (7.3%)

1 (1.8%)

4.24 (0.46–39.2)

0.17

 Pinguecula, n%

26 (47.3%)

8 (14.5%)

5.27 (2.10–13.19)

< 0.005

 Pterygium, n%

17 (30.9%)

9 (16.4%)

2.29 (0.92–5.71)

0.07

 Ionizing radiation, n%

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

N/A*

N/A*

 Agent Orange, n%

14 (25.4%)

11 (20%)

1.37 (0.56–3.35)

0.50

 Southwest Asia deployment, n%

0 (0%)

3 (5.5%)

0.49 (0.40–0.59)

0.08

 Involvement in Project Shipboard Hazard and Defense, n%

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

N/A*

N/A*