Table 1 Representative characteristics of drusen deposits and atherosclerotic plaques

 Lipid deposits

X

X

Curcio et al. 2011 [203], Vaya 2013 [204]

 Endothelial dysfunction

X

X

Machalinska et al. 2011 [205], Castellon & Bogdanova 2016 [206]

 Complement activation

X

X

McHarg et al. 2015 [207], Vlaicu et al. 2016 [208]

 Oxidative stress

X

X

FAnjul-Moles & Lopez-Riqelme 2016 [209], Vaya 2013 [204]

 MMP involvement

X

X

Lambert et al. 2002 [210], Galis & Khatri 2002 [211]

 Hyperhomocysteinaemia

X

X

Vine et al. 2005 [212]

 Macrophage involvement

X

X

Grunin et al. 2014 [213], Chistiakov et al. 2015 [214]

 Smooth muscle cell involvement

X

Chistiakov et al. 2015 [215]

 Decreased blood flow

X

X

Berenberg et al. 2012 [216], Lowe 2003 [217]

 VEGF upregulation/Progression with neovascularization

X

X

Bhutto & Lutty 2012 [218], Moreno et al. 2012 [219]

 Rupture

X

Badimon & Vilahur 2014 [220]

 Spontaneous regression

X

Toy et al. 2013 [221]

 Lipid source

Local and circulating

Circulating

Booij et al. 2010 [56], Vaya 2013 [204]

Major deposit components

 Amyloid

X

X

Ohno-Matsui 2011 [222], Jans et al. 2006 [223]

 Cholesterol/Cholesteryl esters

X

X

Pikuleva & Curcio 2014 [45], Vaya 2013 [204]

 Lipoproteins

X

X

Curcio et al. 2011 [203], Linton et al. 2000 [224]