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Table 3 Progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy

From: Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss

Author (Year)

Method of severity grading

Progression intervals

Criteria for progression or regression

Progression of DR (%)

Progression from NPDR to PDR (%)

Regression of DR (%)

Asia

 Tam (2009) [60]

Concatenated ETDRS severity of both eyes, with 11 levels

Cumulative at 4 years

2-step

34.7

9.9

13.2

 Song (2011) [61]

Eye with worse ETDRS severity

Cumulative at 4 years

1-step

6.6

Not investigated

45.8

 Kawasaki (2011) [62]

Mild DR to at least severe NPDR according to ETDRS

Cumulative at 8 years

N/A

N/A

15.9

Not investigated

Europe

 Jones (2012) [52]

Eye with worse ETDRS severity

Cumulative at 5 years

Not stated

Data irretrievable

6.1

Not investigated

Cumulative at 10 years

9.6

 Broe (2014) [45]

Eye with worse ETDRS severity

Cumulative at 16 years

2-step

64.1

31.0

0

 North America

 Tudor (1998) [53]

Eye with worse ETDRS severity

Cumulative at 4 years

2-step

24.1

Not investigated

13.3

 Varma (2010) [54]

Concatenated ETDRS severity of both eyes, with 15 levels

Cumulative at 4 years

2-step

38.9

5.3

14.0

 Klein (2008) [44]

Concatenated ETDRS severity of both eyes, with 15 levels

Between 0 to 4 years

2-step

13.5 annually

2.5 annually

3.0 annually

Between 4 to 10 years

13.0 annually

4.0 annually

0.8 annually

Between 10 to 14 years

12.0 annually

2.5 annually

0.4 annually

Between 14 to 25 years

2.4 annually

1.5 annually

0.4 annually

Cumulative at 25 years

 

83.1

42.0

17.8

Oceania

 Cikamatana (2007) [56]

Concatenated ETDRS severity of both eyes, with 15 levels

Cumulative at 5 years

1-step

25.9

4.1

Not reported

Others

 Leske (2006) [57]

Mild or moderate DR to at least severe NPDR according to ETDRS

Cumulative at 9 years

N/A

N/A

8.2

Not investigated

 Tapp (2006) [58]

Mild or moderate DR to at least severe NPDR according to ETDRS

Cumulative at 6 years

N/A

27.7

5.2

Not investigated

  1. DR diabetic retinopathy, NPDR nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, PDR proliferative diabetic retinopathy, ETDRS Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study, N/A not available