Table 2 Incidence of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic subjects

 Xu (2014) [75]

Population

China

2602

Unspecified

10

4.2 (3.45–5.03)**

Not investigated

Mean 64.6 ± 9.7

 Jin (2014) [98]

Population

China

322

Type 2

5

46.9

13.9 (Severe NPDR)

Mean 66.1 ± 13.2

4.6 (PDR)

 Tam (2009) [60]

Hospital

Hong Kong

212

Type 2

4

20.3

0.47 (PDR)

Mean 55.2 ± 9.5

 Song (2011) [61]

Hospital

Hong Kong

3647

Type 2

4

15.2

0.03

Mean 62.60 ± 9.58

 Kawasaki (2011) [62]

Hospital

Japan

1221

Type 2

8

26.6

Not investigated

Mean 58.2 ± 6.9

 Kajiwara (2014) [76]

Hospital

Japan

383

Type 2

5.8 ± 2.5 (retrospective)

58.5/1000 person years

Not investigated

Mean 59.4 ± 11.0

 Tsugawa (2012) [209]

Hospital

Japan

1083

Unspecified

3

15.7

Not investigated

Mean 51.0 ± 11.7

 Ahmed (2012) [210]

Hospital

Bangladesh

977

Type 2

15

50.6 (47.5–53.8)

Not investigated

Mean 41 ± 8

 Manaviat (2008) [211]

Hospital

Iran

120

Type 2

4

47.5 (38.6–56.4)

Not investigated

Mean 55.2 ± 9.6

 Janghorbani (2003) [212]

Hospital

Iran

549

Type 2

5.1 ± 2.1 (retrospective)

45.4

Not investigated

Mean

45.7 ± 9.3

 Stratton (2001) [51]

Population

United Kingdom

1216

Type 2

6

41

Not investigated

Mean 52.2 ± 8.5

 Younis (2003) [46]

Population

United Kingdom

305

Type 1

6

45.3 (36.9–53.7)

5.4 (2.3–8.5)

Median 30.2

IQR 21.5–39.8

 Younis (2003) [50]

Population

United Kingdom

3743

Type 2

6

38.1 (35.1–41.2)

6.1 (4.4–7.8)

Median 63.4

IQR 56.1–69.8

 Jones (2012) [52]

Population

United Kingdom

16,444

Type 2

10

66

18.7

Median 66.7

IQR 58.0–74.5

 Martin-Merino (2012) [47]

Population

United Kingdom

1757

Type 1

9

23.9

4.4 (DME)

Mean 19.1

63,226

Type 2

27.8

3.6 (DME)

Mean 61.3

 Thomas (2012) [49]

Population

United Kingdom

49,763

Type 2

4

26.0

0.7

Mean 60.2 ± 11.3

 Perol (2012) [213]

Hospital

France

236

Unspecified

3

14.0 (9.5–18.4)

0

Mean 54.0 ± 12.8

 Romero-Aroca (2011) [77]

Hospital

Spain

334

Type 1

10

35.9

11.07 (DME)

Mean 25.7 ± 11.7

 Salinero-Fort (2013) [59]

Population

Spain

2405

Type 2

4

8.07 (7.04–9.22)

2.8 (PDR) 1.2 (DME)

Mean 67.5 ± 10.6

 Henricsson (2003) [111]

Population

Sweden

627

Types 1 and 2

10

39

1.8 (PDR)

Mean 35.3 ± 5.8

 Broe (2014) [45]

Population

Denmark

185

Type 1

16

95.1

Not investigated

Mean 7.5 ± 3.7

 Lee (1992) [55]

Population (Oklahoma Indians)

United States of America

380

Type 2

14

72.3

15.4 (PDR)

Mean 48.2 ± 8.4

12.5 improved

 Klein (1998) [43]

Population

United States of America

634

Type 1

14

95.9 (93.2–98.6)

26.1 (22.6–29.6) (DME)

Mean 14.2 ± 7.4

 Tudor (1998) [53]

Population

United States of America

169

Type 2

4

22.5

Not investigated

Mean 58.1

 Varma (2010) [54]

Population (Latino)

United States of America

775

Unspecified

4

34.0 (30.0–38.0)

5.4 (3.8–7.1) (DME)

Mean 58 ± 9.7

 Cikamatana (2007) [56]

Population

Australia

150

Unspecified

5

22.2 (14.1–32.2)

Not investigated

Mean 66.2 ± 8.4

Others

 Leske (2006) [57]

Population

Barbados

436

Types 1 and 2

9

39.6 (33.6–45.5)

8.3

Mean 57.6 ± 9.4

 Tapp (2006) [58]

Population

Mauritius

227

Unspecified

6

23.8

0.4 (PDR)

Mean 50 ± 11