Table 2 Incidence of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic subjects
From: Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss
| Author (Year) | Type of study | Location | Sample size, Age in years | Diabetes type | Follow-up time in years | Cumulative incidence of DR, % (95 % CI) | Incidence of VTDR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asia | |||||||
| Xu (2014) [75] | Population | China | 2602 | Unspecified | 10 | 4.2 (3.45–5.03)** | Not investigated |
| Mean 64.6 ± 9.7 | |||||||
| Jin (2014) [98] | Population | China | 322 | Type 2 | 5 | 46.9 | 13.9 (Severe NPDR) |
| Mean 66.1 ± 13.2 | 4.6 (PDR) | ||||||
| Tam (2009) [60] | Hospital | Hong Kong | 212 | Type 2 | 4 | 20.3 | 0.47 (PDR) |
| Mean 55.2 ± 9.5 | |||||||
| Song (2011) [61] | Hospital | Hong Kong | 3647 | Type 2 | 4 | 15.2 | 0.03 |
| Mean 62.60 ± 9.58 | |||||||
| Kawasaki (2011) [62] | Hospital | Japan | 1221 | Type 2 | 8 | 26.6 | Not investigated |
| Mean 58.2 ± 6.9 | |||||||
| Kajiwara (2014) [76] | Hospital | Japan | 383 | Type 2 | 5.8 ± 2.5 (retrospective) | 58.5/1000 person years | Not investigated |
| Mean 59.4 ± 11.0 | |||||||
| Tsugawa (2012) [209] | Hospital | Japan | 1083 | Unspecified | 3 | 15.7 | Not investigated |
| Mean 51.0 ± 11.7 | |||||||
| Ahmed (2012) [210] | Hospital | Bangladesh | 977 | Type 2 | 15 | 50.6 (47.5–53.8) | Not investigated |
| Mean 41 ± 8 | |||||||
| Middle East | |||||||
| Manaviat (2008) [211] | Hospital | Iran | 120 | Type 2 | 4 | 47.5 (38.6–56.4) | Not investigated |
| Mean 55.2 ± 9.6 | |||||||
| Janghorbani (2003) [212] | Hospital | Iran | 549 | Type 2 | 5.1 ± 2.1 (retrospective) | 45.4 | Not investigated |
| Mean | |||||||
| 45.7 ± 9.3 | |||||||
| Europe | |||||||
| Stratton (2001) [51] | Population | United Kingdom | 1216 | Type 2 | 6 | 41 | Not investigated |
| Mean 52.2 ± 8.5 | |||||||
| Younis (2003) [46] | Population | United Kingdom | 305 | Type 1 | 6 | 45.3 (36.9–53.7) | 5.4 (2.3–8.5) |
| Median 30.2 | |||||||
| IQR 21.5–39.8 | |||||||
| Younis (2003) [50] | Population | United Kingdom | 3743 | Type 2 | 6 | 38.1 (35.1–41.2) | 6.1 (4.4–7.8) |
| Median 63.4 | |||||||
| IQR 56.1–69.8 | |||||||
| Jones (2012) [52] | Population | United Kingdom | 16,444 | Type 2 | 10 | 66 | 18.7 |
| Median 66.7 | |||||||
| IQR 58.0–74.5 | |||||||
| Martin-Merino (2012) [47] | Population | United Kingdom | 1757 | Type 1 | 9 | 23.9 | 4.4 (DME) |
| Mean 19.1 | |||||||
| 63,226 | Type 2 | 27.8 | 3.6 (DME) | ||||
| Mean 61.3 | |||||||
| Thomas (2012) [49] | Population | United Kingdom | 49,763 | Type 2 | 4 | 26.0 | 0.7 |
| Mean 60.2 ± 11.3 | |||||||
| Perol (2012) [213] | Hospital | France | 236 | Unspecified | 3 | 14.0 (9.5–18.4) | 0 |
| Mean 54.0 ± 12.8 | |||||||
| Romero-Aroca (2011) [77] | Hospital | Spain | 334 | Type 1 | 10 | 35.9 | 11.07 (DME) |
| Mean 25.7 ± 11.7 | |||||||
| Salinero-Fort (2013) [59] | Population | Spain | 2405 | Type 2 | 4 | 8.07 (7.04–9.22) | 2.8 (PDR) 1.2 (DME) |
| Mean 67.5 ± 10.6 | |||||||
| Henricsson (2003) [111] | Population | Sweden | 627 | Types 1 and 2 | 10 | 39 | 1.8 (PDR) |
| Mean 35.3 ± 5.8 | |||||||
| Broe (2014) [45] | Population | Denmark | 185 | Type 1 | 16 | 95.1 | Not investigated |
| Mean 7.5 ± 3.7 | |||||||
| North America | |||||||
| Lee (1992) [55] | Population (Oklahoma Indians) | United States of America | 380 | Type 2 | 14 | 72.3 | 15.4 (PDR) |
| Mean 48.2 ± 8.4 | 12.5 improved | ||||||
| Klein (1998) [43] | Population | United States of America | 634 | Type 1 | 14 | 95.9 (93.2–98.6) | 26.1 (22.6–29.6) (DME) |
| Mean 14.2 ± 7.4 | |||||||
| Tudor (1998) [53] | Population | United States of America | 169 | Type 2 | 4 | 22.5 | Not investigated |
| Mean 58.1 | |||||||
| Varma (2010) [54] | Population (Latino) | United States of America | 775 | Unspecified | 4 | 34.0 (30.0–38.0) | 5.4 (3.8–7.1) (DME) |
| Mean 58 ± 9.7 | |||||||
| Oceania | |||||||
| Cikamatana (2007) [56] | Population | Australia | 150 | Unspecified | 5 | 22.2 (14.1–32.2) | Not investigated |
| Mean 66.2 ± 8.4 | |||||||
| Others | |||||||
| Leske (2006) [57] | Population | Barbados | 436 | Types 1 and 2 | 9 | 39.6 (33.6–45.5) | 8.3 |
| Mean 57.6 ± 9.4 | |||||||
| Tapp (2006) [58] | Population | Mauritius | 227 | Unspecified | 6 | 23.8 | 0.4 (PDR) |
| Mean 50 ± 11 | |||||||