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Table 1 A summary of the centration techniques applied by various commercial laser refractive systems

From: Centration axis in refractive surgery

S. No.

Company

Device

Technique

Applied

Type

1

Alcon

LadarVision 6000

Semi-Automated based on on-screen identification of CSCLR

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

2

Bausch & Lomb

217 Zyoptix

Manually based CLR (but not truly CS)

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

3

Bausch & Lomb

317 Teneo

Manually based CLR (but not truly CS)

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

4

CustomVis

Pulzar Z1

Fully-Automated based on limbus registration

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

5

iVIS

iRES

Fully-Automated based on iris registration

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

6

KATANA

LaserSoft

Manually based CLR (but not truly CS)

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

7

KERA

IsoBeam

Manually based CLR (but not truly CS)

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

8

LaserSight

AstraScan

Manually based CLR (but not truly CS)

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

9

Nidek

Quest

Manually based CLR (but not truly CS)

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

10

Novatec

LightBlade

Manually based CLR (but not truly CS)

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

11

SCHWIND

ESIRIS

Manually based on Corneal Vertex (numerically taken from diagnosis)

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

12

SCHWIND

AMARIS

Manually based on Corneal Vertex (numerically taken from diagnosis)

During treatment planning

Only the optical axis is shifted (even for customized treatments), but the whole ablation remains concentric to the pupil boundaries

AMARIS 500E

AMARIS 750S

AMARIS 1050RS

16

VISX

Star S4 IR

Fully-Automated based on iris registration

Under the laser

Only pupil centration is possible

17

WaveLight

Allegretto

Manually based CLR (but not truly CS), for large offsets or angles (alpha, kappa, lambda) “in between”

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

Allegretto-Eye-Q

EX500

Concept1000

18

ZEISS-Meditec

MEL80

Manually based CLR (but not truly CS), considering contralateral viewing eye to reduce parallax

Under the laser

The whole ablation is shifted

MEL90

  1. CS: coaxially sighted; CLR: corneal light reflex; CSCLR: coaxially sighted corneal light reflex. It is worth noting that iVIS iRES, KATANA LaserSoft, KERA IsoBeam, LaserSight AstraScan, Nidek Quest, SCHWIND AMARIS, WaveLight Allegretto and EX500, and ZEiSS-Meditec MEL80 and MEL90 use a video based eye-tracker from the same supplier in slightly different variations.