Disease parameter | Drusen | Plaques | Reference/Reviewed in |
---|---|---|---|
Lipid deposits | X | X | |
Endothelial dysfunction | X | X | Machalinska et al. 2011 [205], Castellon & Bogdanova 2016 [206] |
Complement activation | X | X | |
Oxidative stress | X | X | |
MMP involvement | X | X | |
Hyperhomocysteinaemia | X | X | Vine et al. 2005 [212] |
Macrophage involvement | X | X | |
Smooth muscle cell involvement | X | Chistiakov et al. 2015 [215] | |
Decreased blood flow | X | X | |
VEGF upregulation/Progression with neovascularization | X | X | |
Rupture | X | Badimon & Vilahur 2014 [220] | |
Spontaneous regression | X | Toy et al. 2013 [221] | |
Lipid source | Local and circulating | Circulating | |
Major deposit components | |||
Amyloid | X | X | |
Cholesterol/Cholesteryl esters | X | X | |
Lipoproteins | X | X |